2016) however, while a substantial proportion of individuals with PTSD respond to psychotherapies, these therapies may be difficult to access and are ineffective for many (Koenen et al. A recent review identified trauma-focused psychotherapies as first-line treatments for PTSD (Lee et al. Widely used treatments for PTSD include psychotherapies and medications. In addition to these profound costs to individuals with PTSD, the disorder also exerts a substantial economic toll through lost productivity and treatment costs (Marshall et al. 2009), comorbid mental health conditions, and suicidality (Dorrington et al. Individuals with PTSD may experience a substantial reduction in quality of life and relationships, and the disability resulting from PTSD can have further negative consequences such as obesity (Scott et al. Symptoms of PTSD include intrusive thoughts and memories, negative effects on cognition and mood, hyperarousal and reactivity, and avoidance that do not remit for at least 1 month subsequent to exposure to a traumatic event (Koenen et al. ![]() Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious debilitating disorder with lifetime prevalence estimated at nearly 4% globally and over 8% in the USA (Kilpatrick et al.
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